The PGY1 year provides a strong foundation for the following years in the neurosurgical residency program. Interns spend three months gaining general surgical experience (e.g. trauma, orthopedics). Six months are spent on the adult neurosurgical inpatient service caring for patients and learning basic operative techniques. An additional three months are spent on clinical neurosciences (includes neurology, neuropathology, and neuroradiology). During their PGY2–4 years, residents work with various neurosurgical faculty and take in-house call, performing inpatient consultation and emergency evaluation. Each resident spends several months on a clinical adult neurosurgery rotation at Froedtert Hospital, which gradually advances the resident’s perioperative and intraoperative technical skills. Three months are devoted to neurocritical care. Each resident also spends several months as the clinical pediatric neurosurgery resident at Children’s Wisconsin. The fifth year is focused on basic and clinical research, often spent collaborating with faculty at the Neuroscience Research Laboratories. The final years (PGY6-7) are primarily at Froedtert Hospital, where the Chief Resident role is developed, focusing on advanced patient management and surgical technical skills.